PPP or Point-to-Point Protocol is a type of Layer 2 protocol (Data-link layer) used mainly for WAN. PPP features two methods of authentication PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) and CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol) a c0nnection is established between two peers only after authentication succeeds. PAP sends the password in cleartext for authentication so CHAP is preferred and will be discussed in this article. PPP encapsulation is possible only over a serial link. This article will showcase two different topologies first with two routers and second with three routers.Continue Reading…
Upgrading my Computer 2012
I always love upgrading my personal computer and that is why I always prefer using a PC than a laptop for the sheer amount of customizability the former offers in terms of hardware upgradability. I had last upgraded my computer in May 2008 which was a complete upgrade which included a new processor, RAM, motherboard, graphics card and a new cabinet to accommodate all these. Back in 2008 2 gigs of RAM was more than enough to keep the system running smoothly and a GeForce 8600GT card was adequate for playing games (of 2008) at decent frame rates on my Viewsonic 19in LCD. Back to the present this machine couldn’t even handle the latest game at 800×600 it choked and coughed each time I played Call of Duty: Black Ops and Batman: Arkham Asylum framed too much. I also used VMware Player and VirtualBox to prepare for Microsoft and Red Hat certifications and this system couldn’t run more than 2 Windows 2k8 VMs or 3 RHEL VMs concurrently. I finally decided to upgrade my system so that I could play the latest games with all bells and whistles turned on before the world ended in 2012 !!!Continue Reading…
How to recover a Cisco device password
Even if you forget your Cisco device (read router or switch) password you can recover it by following the steps outlined in this article. This includes enable passwords, secret passwords, telnet, SSH and console passwords. This process involves changing the configuration register of your Cisco device so that it ignores the NVRAM contents and loads the default configuration. For this process you have to get into the ROM monitor mode so you need to have serial console access to the Cisco switch/router.Continue Reading…
How to Configure a Cisco router as a Frame Relay Switch
Frame relay is a WAN technology that uses packet switching methodology for communication. A frame relay switch is required for configuring a frame relay network. The previous article on Configuring Frame Relay on Cisco Packet Tracer explains it on a simulator, in this article I’ll show how a Cisco router can be used as a frame relay switch. The same hub and spoke topology is used, only the Frame Relay switch router configuration is explained here refer the previous article for the Hub router and spoke routers configuration instructions.Continue Reading…
How to configure frame relay in Cisco Packet Tracer
This article will explain frame relay configuration in Cisco Packet Tracer. Frame relay is a WAN technology. Read the Wikipedia article to learn more about Frame Relay. You can also try this on live routers and other network simulators, but the frame relay switch configuration varies. The setup here will use the hub and spoke configuration, Router0 is the hub, Router1 and Router2 are the spokes. Point-to-Point subinterfaces are created and PVCs (Permanent Virtual Circuits) are established between Router0 and Router1 and Router0 and Router2. So the Spoke routers communicate via Router0.Continue Reading…
How to configure a Linux PPTP VPN client
Configuring a VPN client connection is a simple matter of point and click in Windows OSes, but in Linux it is involves installing a package, configuring passwords, VPN server settings and finally routing the traffic destined for the VPN network via the VPN connection. The package named pptp is used on the client side for configuring a connection. To setup a VPN server read How to setup a VPN Server in Windows Server 2008. This tutorial is for both Debian Linux variants and Red Hat Linux variants.Continue Reading…
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